Iyini i-microcontroller?

Uma uthuthukisa imikhiqizo kagesi, awukwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwengxenye eyodwa ye-elekthronikhi, futhi leyo yi-microcontroller. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isebenza njengohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi lomkhiqizo, futhi kuyadingeka ukuyisebenzisa njenge-chip yokulawula eyinhloko.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokulawula ukuze uvumele i-microcontroller ukuthi isebenze njengomlawuli. I-microcontroller ibizwa nangokuthi i-MCU. Onjiniyela be-LuphiTouch banganikeza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-MCU kwemikhiqizo yemojula yesibonisi somsebenzisi yeklayenti lethu.

Sinesipiliyoni seminyaka eyi-10 kule mboni. Amamojula ethu okusetshenziswa komsebenzisi athuthukisiwe asetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni zasendlini, kuma-electronics abathengi, emakhishini ahlakaniphile, emandleni amasha, emikhakheni ye-IoT, kwezokwelapha, yokulawula izimboni njll.

Zisetshenziswa kuphi izilawuli ezincane?

Ehhovisi, ama-microcontroller asetshenziswa ezintweni zasendlini, emikhiqizweni yokulawula yezimboni, kumakhibhodi ekhompyutha, ezikrinini, kumamojula wokusetshenziswa komsebenzisi, kumaphrinta, kumakhophi, kuma-fax, kanye nasezinhlelweni zocingo. Ekhaya lakho, ama-microcontroller asetshenziswa kuma-microwave oven, emishinini yokuwasha nezomisa, ezinhlelweni zokuphepha, kuma-law sprinkler, kanye nasezingxenyeni zokuzijabulisa ngomculo/amavidiyo.

Ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-microcontroller, imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yamamojula esibonakalayo somsebenzisi ingafezeka. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo ezivamile namaphuzu abalulekile okuthuthukiswa kwe-MCU yethu yezixhumi zomsebenzisi:

Umklamo wehadiwe:

● Khetha imodeli ye-microcontroller efanele ngokusekelwe ebunzimeni kanye nezidingo ze-interface yomsebenzisi.
● Yakha ibhodi yesekethe, okuhlanganisa i-microcontroller, isibonisi, amadivayisi okufaka (izinkinobho, ama-knob, njll.), kanye nezixhumi zokuxhumana.
● Cabangela ukuphathwa kwamandla, ukwakheka kwe-EMC, kanye nezinye izici ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwehadiwe.

Ukuhlola Nokulungisa Amaphutha:

● Yenza ukuhlolwa kokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokusetshenziswa komsebenzisi.
● Yenza ukuhlolwa kokusebenza ukuqinisekisa isivinini sokuphendula kanye nokuqina kwesixhumi esibonakalayo.
● Sebenzisa amathuluzi okulingisa kanye nama-debugger ukuze ulungise amakhodi.

Ukuphathwa Kwesitoreji:

● Sebenzisa imemori ye-Flash/EEPROM ye-microcontroller ukugcina amapharamitha okucushwa kanye nezilungiselelo zomsebenzisi.
● Sebenzisa ukufundwa, ukuguqulwa, kanye nokugcinwa okuqhubekayo kwamapharamitha.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Firmware:

● Sebenzisa isikhombikubona sokuxhumana ukuze uvumele ukuthuthukiswa kwe-firmware eku-inthanethi kwe-microcontroller.
● Qinisekisa ukuphepha nokuzinza kwenqubo yokuthuthukisa.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Firmware:

● Bhala uhlelo lokulawula i-microcontroller ukuze usebenzise imisebenzi elandelayo:
● Funda futhi ucubungule okokufaka komsebenzisi, njengezinkinobho nama-knob
● Shayela isibonisi ukuze ubonise izakhi zesixhumi esibonakalayo nolwazi
● Cubungula idatha yenzwa bese usebenzisa i-logic yokulawula ehambisanayo
● Phatha izinqubo zokuxhumana ngesistimu yokulawula eyinhloko kanye nedatha yokushintshana
● Lungiselela uhlelo ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kanye nokusebenza kwesikhathi sangempela.

Umklamo Wokusebenzisana Komuntu Nomshini:

● Yakha isakhiwo sesikhombimsebenzisi somsebenzisi esisebenziseka kalula nesiqondakala kalula kanye ne-logic yokusebenzisana.
● Hlela uhlu lwezigaba kanye nokuzulazula kwezinto ze-interface ngendlela efanele.
● Faka umklamo wokuxhumana komuntu nomshini ohlelweni lwe-microcontroller.

Ngalezi zinyathelo, i-microcontroller ingahlelwa ukuze isebenzise imisebenzi ehlukahlukene eyinkimbinkimbi yokusetshenziswa komsebenzisi, inikeze abasebenzisi ulwazi olunobungane noluhlakaniphile lokusebenzisana komuntu nomshini. Ukuhleleka kohlelo, izixhumi ezicebile, kanye nezici zokusebenzisa amandla aphansi ze-microcontroller kwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kokuthuthukiswa kwemoduli yokusetshenziswa komsebenzisi.